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曲靖翻譯公司關鍵字：that these materials will not only Huang's view can not be refuted, on the contrary, it just confirmed Huang's thesis on population pressure. Because, even though the "1700-1850 years, China's population growth rate" is not related to the same period of the British less, it does not negate the "southern" population saturation state. Determine whether the pressure of a population "increase" should be the region's population at different times to compare the data, rather than in different regions (in the agreed period) the population data for comparison. In the 1850-1959 years, 100 years, southern provinces without population growth or even decline, although it can not explain population pressure "increase", but goes to show already in 1850, when there is a serious Jiangnan population pressure, because it is saturated Malthusian population constraints lead to the emergence of inhibition was not increased but decreased the population. If the population in 1850-1959 there was a substantial increase south, only goes to show that fashion does not exist in 1850, what is population pressure.The use of micro-economics analysis of Li Bozhong argument, you can see the flaw is that it will not be able to study economic theory and economic history very well together. From the "micro" perspective, Pomeranz of Huang "involution" theory of criticism, do have a lot of the right place.
First of all, see Pomeranz, in a dramatic technological change did not occur in the world, most of the world have experienced the fact that declining marginal returns to labor. So Huang as "involution" to show that China is really no convincing southern backwardness.
Second, Pomeranz criticized the British enclosure movement Huang's view, is correct. Huang seems to be unconditionally accepted Marx's view. Marx believed that capitalist relations of production must have two prerequisites, a primitive accumulation of capital, mainly rely on violence to achieve plunder; the other is free to sell their labor workers in the UK is achieved through the enclosure movement. Huang believes that there is no enclosure movement because of China, there is no formation of "free labor" conditions, it is not possible the development of capitalist relations of production. We do not know whether this statement Huang directly from Marx's thesis. But economic history can not be the classic theorist of the "argument" as the basis, but should be the basic principles of economics to analyze the specific facts. Of course, the role of the enclosure movement, the Pomeranz also borrow most of the scholars 'views' to criticize Huang, and therefore can not be considered to have the power of logical argument. However, his view is no doubt that Huang be clever, because he recognizes, is not caused by the enclosure movement "free labor", but to stimulate the market to promote economic growth in the UK, according to him, "open market opportunities and Only through the market in order to obtain the usefulness of the new consumer products, efficiency in stimulating growth may be more important. " According to our previous description of the North's principle, indeed the market profit stimulate the growth of economic efficiency.
However, while Pomeranz recognizes the rise of market economies in Western Europe has an important role, but he will not discuss in depth along this line of thought, he understood, or borrow this idea and did not correct his research from the guide. Instead, he tells the history of economic data has taken the attitude of almost arbitrary choice, completely ignoring the 18th century the economy of China and Western Europe there has been a huge contrast, insisted that until 1800, the West and there is no obvious advantage of endogenous , just as the New World in the development and mine location that produced the Industrial Revolution and the British lead the world.
Pomeranz on China and Western Europe about 1800, not very different from the thesis, Huang's rebuttal is persuasive. Mr Wong noted that as early as 1800, before the emergence of the British agricultural revolution on the original industrialization, urban development, population and consumer behavior changes such as transformation "five changes." He believes that these revolutionary changes in the British coal industry, especially with the early development of the coupling, prompting the emergence of the British industrial revolution. In contrast, the Yangtze River Delta, not the 18th century with one of the criteria. China's modern economic development was to enter the road and the UK is completely different: the first through the social revolution for capital accumulation, and later by the modern industrialization in rural areas to reduce the rural areas (parts of) the population pressure.
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